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Mohammed confirms the setting place of the sun in Sunan Abu Dawud 4002:

It was narrated that Abū Dharr said: "I was riding behind the Messenger of Allah while he was on a donkey, and the sun was setting. He said: 'Do you know where this (sun) sets?' I said: 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said: 'It sets in a spring of warm water. (Sahih)

Muslim apologists Sometimes say that the Quran verse is talking from the perspective of Dhu'l Qarnayn. But this Hadith has absolutely nothing to do with Dhu'l Qarnayn at all, it is Mohammed clearly saying that the sun sets in a spring.

In the History of Al-Tabari which is a major historical and religious chronicle and one of Islam's major sources, it tells us about the sun rise and sun set.

"Then he said: for the sun and the moon, he created easts and west's (positions to rise and set) on the two sides of the earth and the two rims of heaven, 180 springs in the west of black clay- this is meant by god's word: "He found it setting in a muddy spring," meaning by "muddy" black clay- and 180 springs in the East likewise of black clay, bubbling and boiling like a pot when it boils furiously. He continued. Everyday and night the sun has a new place where it rises and where it sets. The interval between them from beginning to end is longest for the day in summer and shortest in the winter. This is (meant by) God's word: "The lord of the two Easts and the lord of the two wests," meaning the last (position) of the sun here and the last there. He omitted the positions in the east and the west (for the rising and setting of the sun) inbetween them. Then he referred to East and West in the plural, saying: "(by) the lord of the Easts and the Wests". He mentioned the number of those Springs (as above)."

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B76p5GnL05obSlI4YW51OE1LRm8/view

Next up are the Tafsirs of the Quran. The Tafsirs in early islam all believed that the sun set in a muddy spring. This includes: Mujahid, Ghareeb, Sulaiman, Thawri, al-Sanaani, Al-Tustari, Al-Hibri, Kufi, Hiwawi, Nisa'i, Tabari (the same person who wrote the history of Al-Tabari, this is also the most reliable Tafsir ever), Al-Quloub, Ahlul Sunnah, Bahr El-ulohm, Abi Zanamayn, Al-Qimmi, Al-silmi, Wal Bayan and alnihaya.

The Tafsir of Wal Bayan actually reveals the origin of this story. It was a poem from a Yemen king who lived 700 years Mohammed. This poem talked about a man called Dhu'l Qarnayn, who saw the sun set and reached the East and West.

Dhu'l Qarnayn was a submitter before me, a king who was adored by kings. He reached the East and the West.

In roads laid down by the wise guide, so he saw the sun setting in a spring of black mud.

Another plagiarized story, like much of the Quran.

Muslims only realised 400+ years after Mohammed's death that the sun could not possibly set in a muddy spring. The baghdadis eventually figured this out (well technically people discovered the sun was bigger at least 1200 years before this, but hey they eventually caught up).

However there were staunch disagreements. As one Islamic scholar at the time said:

"No, it does set in a muddy spring, exactly as the Quran says"- Ibn Al-Akhshad

(Sources for this information about the Tafsirs are found in the first recommended video by the masked Arab. I Highly recommend you watch it if you want to know more about this topic)

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